The Mosin-Nagant rifle and its 7.62x54R cartridge are among the longest-serving small arms in history, first issued in 1891 to the Russian military and later adopted by the Soviet Red Army. Over time, the rifle underwent numerous modifications, including the adoption of the Spitzer bullet and, in 1930, the introduction of the famous M91/30 model with a round receiver and hooded front sight. Many earlier Dragoon rifles were upgraded to this standard due to its economic simplicity. The M91/30 also became well known for its sniper variants, featuring bent bolt handles and PU scopes. Millions of Mosin rifles were produced and saw extensive service in both World Wars and countless other global conflicts. Even today, reserve M91/30 rifles have been reported in use during the Russia-Ukraine conflict, reflecting the rifle’s enduring legacy and widespread distribution.